1st Lt. Thomas J. Cullison
United States Army (1942-1944)

The Story of Tau and Tommy

The following was submitted by Don Sayenga and enhanced with additional content.
It is the story of a dog named Tau and his best friend, Tommy Cullison.

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When we were growing up in the 1940s, there was a wonderful dog named Tau. All the kids in the neighborhood regarded Tau as "everybody's dog." Tau was always wandering about and was welcomed and fed in everyone's home. The only thing we kids knew was that Tau was Tommy Cullison's dog. It really seemed to us kids as if Tau spent most of his time wandering around looking for Tommy.

Tommy and his brothers, William and Dick, lived with their parents at 2336 Birtley Avenue. The Cullison family were members of the Brookline Methodist Church. After graduating from South Hills High School, Tommy spent a year at the Fork Union Military Academy in Fairfax, Virginia, then continued his education at Bethany College in West Virginia. At Bethany, Tommy became a star athlete. There is a commemorative plaque on the campus grounds honoring his achievements.

Tommy Cullison, 1941

While away at college, Tommy and his fraternity brothers adopted a stray dog named Tau. A warm friendship grew between Tau and Tommy, and the dog adopted Tommy as his keeper. When the war began the fraternity house closed its doors and Tommy brought his furry companion home to Brookline.

Tommy entered the Army and received an officer's commission. Lieutenant Thomas Cullison came home on leave after completing his infantry and armor training. His older brother William, a Navy Lieutenant, was also home on leave at the time. After a short visit with his family and friends, and his favorite dog, Tommy bid them farewell and went off to war. He sailed for England in August 1943 and never returned.

Lt. Tom Cullison (center), with family members Bill Jr., Mary, Bill Sr. and Dick, during leave
in 1943. Tommy's fraternity dog Tau is sitting up on his hind legs in the front.

For several years Tommy's fate was a mystery. We were all told that he was "missing." While Tau made his way around Brookline in search of his best friend, many of the neighborhood kids wondered what had happened to Tommy, one of the "big kids" who we all looked up to. Many years later we discovered the true fate of Tommy Cullison. His story is one of those nightmares that young kids were never told about during the war.

Tommy was lost in the Lorraine Campaign, which was General George S. Patton's high-speed maneuver to strike directly across eastern France into Germany in the fall of 1944. Tommy was an officer in Rifle Company E, 2nd Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment, 5th Infantry Division of General Patton's legendary Third Army.

                 
Shoulder patch of the 5th Inf Div (left) and the insignia of the 11th Inf Reg.

With war clouds forming over Europe, the 5th Infantry Division was reactivated on October 16, 1939. After maneuvers during the spring and summer of 1941, the first units of the Division were shipped out to Iceland to garrison the island in case of a possible German invasion. By May 16, 1942, the entire division had arrived.

While in Iceland, the 5th Division performed the arduous, and monotonous, duties of manning observation posts, unloading boats, building roads and buildings, and maintaining training schedules. During their time in Iceland, the men witnessed several offshore merchant ship sinkings, Luftwaffe overflights, and an occasional alert due to U-Boat sightings.

Major General Leroy Irwin, a veteran of the battles in Tunisia, assumed command on July 3, 1943, and in August, the Division moved from Iceland to Tidworth Barracks in south central England. Here the division was reorganized and brought up to strength with new arrivals from the United States, including Second Lieutenant Thomas J. Cullison of Brookline.

After two months in England, the Division relocated to Northern Ireland to receive advanced training for the invasion of mainland Europe. The soldiers spent nine months in Ireland, then on July 4 boarded troop transport ships and began the slow journey through the Irish Sea to the English Channel and on to the shores of France.

General George S. Patton addresses the 5th Division soldiers of 3rd Battalion, 10th Regiment while
on field exercises in Kilkeel, Northern Ireland. The Division spent nine months preparing for battle.

The 5th Infantry Division, known as the Red Diamonds, landed on Normandy's Utah Beach on July 9, 1944. Initially assigned as part of General Omar Bradley's First Army, the Division's baptism of fire would take place in the hedgerow fighting north of Saint Lo. After a short stay in Montebourg, on July 14 they relieved the veteran 1st Division and took up positions in the vicinity of Caumont.

For the next ten days, the soldiers of the Red Diamond Division and its 2nd Battalion, 11th Infantry, fought in the hedgerows against the elite units of the German 3rd and 5th Fallschirmjager Divisions. Under constant shelling, strafing by Luftwaffe aircraft, and the threat of German patrols, the men held the line until relieved on July 23.

The 2nd Battalion, 11th Infantry launched a successful attack near Vidouville on July 30, seizing Hill 211, then advancing fifteen miles before meeting another strongpoint manned by snipers, machine guns and two 105mm howitzers. After clearing the German position, the 2nd Battalion continued on to the banks of the Vire River. The 11th Infantry Regiment was then pulled out of the line and sent to an assembly area near Dampierre for reorganization.

Once the Saint-Lo breakthrough was accomplished, the division was reassigned to the newly formed Third Army on August 4. Equipped with motorized transportation, the 5th Division began a mad dash across France. The division moved with such speed and audacity that it often outpaced the armored divisions, becoming the spearhead of General Patton's advance.

On August 7, after passing through the towns of Avranches and Rennes, the division was ordered to seize the large city of Angers and its bridges over the Maine and Loire Rivers. Early on August 8, the 2nd Battalion attacked the city from the west and approached a railroad bridge that had recently been captured intact by the 3rd Battalion. Several units, including Company E, were ordered across the bridge to establish a bridgehead on the east bank of the Maine River.

In the darkness of night, the Germans that still occupied a hilltop stronghold on the west bank, overlooking the river, launched a series of determined assaults in an effort to throw back the Americans and blow up the bridge. The span had been wired with explosives and was ready to be destroyed, but the swiftness of the initial American assault caught the enemy by surprise and they did not have time to set off the charges. The Americans were under constant fire from 88mm, 20mm and 40mm artillery as well as machine gun and mortar fire.

The railroad bridge across the Maine River leading to Angers, captured on August 8, 1944.
The bridge and surrounding countryside was the scene of desperate fighting by Company E.

The attacking Germans would run downhill toward the bridge, firing machine pistols and rifles. The Americans holding the bridge could not see the attackers in the darkness and fired at the flashes of flame from the German burp guns. Many of the attackers were carrying explosives around their waist and shoulders for the purpose of blowing up the bridge. In many instances these packages would be struck by American fire, detonating the explosives and blowing up the screaming carrier.

Germans were killed just fifteen yards from bridge, but none managed to reach it. At the height of the desperate fighting, Lieutenant Cullison and Company E recrossed the bridge and joined the battle. The Company E counterthrust threw the Germans back to their original line and secured the bridge until daybreak. Another attack at sunrise was also repulsed with heavy enemy casualties. The remaining Germans abandoned their positions and fled.

Once the bridgehead across the Maine was consolidated, the 2nd Battalion pushed forward. Company E attacked and cleared a German strongpoint at Chateaubriant, then advanced with the rest of the battalion to the northeast along the river's edge, clearing small pockets of resistance on the way towards the main Angers bridges.

By the morning of August 10, the battalion had reached the outskirts of Angers. There were three bridges in the city spanning the Maine River. Two were blown up by the Germans, but the third was captured intact by the quick, aggressive action of 2nd Battalion. With the Americans in possession of a major bridge to expand their bridgehead, the remaining Germans soon abandoned the city.

The 2nd Battalion entered the heart Angers via the Rue St. Jacques on September 10, 1944.
The Germans hastily retreated after the Americans captured the Maine bridge.

For his actions during the Battle of Angers, Lieutenant Cullison received the Bronze Star for leading an assault on German anti-tank and bridge defenses. The Bronze Star Citation reads:

"Second Lieutenant THOMAS J. CULLISON, 0318765, 11th Infantry Regiment, United States Army. For meritorious service in connection with military operations against the enemy from 7 August 1944 to 10 August 1944 in the vicinity of ANGERS, France. Lieutenant CULLISON as a platoon leader during an assault on an enemy held city led the platoon with unusual ability and fearlessness. Due to his aggressive action and excellent execution of command the enemy was forced to abandon prepared anti-tank and bridge positions thereby enabling our forces to enter the city. Lieutenant CULLISON's intrepid leadership and devotion to duty reflects great credit on himself and is in keeping with the highest traditions of the armed forces. Entered military service from Pennsylvania."

  
Units of the 5th Infantry Division advancing on Fontainebleau (left) in August 1944, and Major General Irwin,
5th Division commander, pointing out features of the Verdun forts across the Moselle River from Dornot.

After liberating Angers, the 5th Division moved on to capture Chartres on August 18, with 2nd Battalion taking nearly 800 prisoners. The next city to fall was Fontainebleau, on August 25, where the 2nd Battalion secured the first American bridgehead across the Seine River.

Five days later, on August 30, the division crossed the Marne River and seized the city of Reims. The 11th Regiment captured Verdun on September 1, and the Red Diamonds occupied positions east of the city to reorganize for the assault on the German stronghold of Metz.

In twenty-seven days the 5th Division had covered 700 miles. It was now preparing to enter Germany. However, while positioned east of Verdun, all forward advance was halted due to a shortage of fuel. The Third Army had outrun its supply lines. A resupply of ammunition and gasoline was received on September 6, allowing a continuation of the drive eastward. Unfortunately, this short lull enabled the Germans to halt their flight and prepare a strong defensive line on the east side of the Moselle River.

The 5th Division advanced in three columns towards the Moselle River and the city of Metz.
Lt. Thomas Cullison and Rifle Company E were in the southernmost formation.

Once resupplied, the division advanced to the west bank of the Moselle River. From staging areas south of Metz, the division was ordered to secure a vital bridgehead across the Moselle from the village of Dornot to protect its southern flank during the upcoming campaign. The four companies of the 2nd Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment, along with Company K of the 10th Infantry and a small contingent of the 7th Armored Division, were assigned to make the crossing. On the morning of September 8, under cover of an artillery barrage, the assault began.

The objective was to secure several World War I forts that stood on high ground overlooking the Moselle River. Once these objectives were captured, the 11th Regiment was to pivot right and link up with units of the 10th Regiment, which would be advancing from the second American bridgehead assault at Arnaville, a few miles further south. American intelligence believed the forts opposite Dornot to be lightly defended by scattered remnants of the German Army. This information turned out to be faulty.

When the crossing began, Platoon Leader Lieutenant Thomas Cullison and Company E were moving towards Dornot after spending the previous day clearing out small pockets of resistance near the town of Gorze. The initial crossing of the Moselle at Dornot was made, under persistent enemy harrassing fire, by Company F, G and H. These units cleared the small patch of woods opposite the village and consolidated their positions before beginning the advance towards Fort St. Blaise.

Units of the 11th Infantry Regiment pass through the village of Dornot on their way to the river crossing.

Company E boarded the assault boats and began their crossing in the early afternoon. At the same time, Company F and Company G began the two thousand yard advance up the hill towards Fort St. Blaise. The attack went smoothly and without incident until the infantry reached the outskirts of the fort. German sniper fire killed one officer and forced the men into a defensive posture. Then all hell broke loose.

Powerful elements of the 17th SS Gotz von Berlichingen Division, along with the 282nd Battalion and a battalion from the SS Signal School in Metz counterattacked unexpectedly and with determined ferocity. The grenadiers swept down upon both flanks of the 11th Infantry, supported by Flak tanks, assault guns and powerful artillery.

The two advancing companies of Americans were cut off. Company E, which was now across the river in force, was ordered to advance into the gap and cover the retreat of the two forward companies. This proved impossible as the Germans had already infiltrated into the fields between the hill and the woods.

  
Units of the 2nd Battalion, 11th Infantry crossing the Moselle River at Dornot on September 8, 1944.

While Company E and Company H, along with the 10th Battalion's Company K and the small contingent of armored infantry, hastily formed a horseshoe-shaped defensive perimeter along the edge of the woods, the two advance companies were forced to fight their way back to the American line. The bridgehead in the woods next to the river's edge was no larger than two football fields. The local inhabitants refered to this wooded area as Bois Du Fer A Cheval, or Horseshoe Wood.

It took several hours for the two assault companies to make it back to the friendly line. In the meantime, the four companies holding the bridgehead were under murderous fire. Casualties from the persistent and accurate German artillery, and the small arms fire of the attacking grenadiers, caused numerous casualties and forced a cessation in the attempted crossing of reinforcements. With plans in place for engineers to build a pontoon bridge across the river, orders were issued for the companies already in the bridgehead to hold on at all costs. The soldiers did as ordered.

Only heavy concentrations of covering fire from the supporting American artillery battalions on the hills surrounding Dornot prevented the Germans from retaking the small bridgehead and protected the Americans as they dug in. Company E, holding the point of the horseshoe defense, was particularly hard hit by a series of furious enemy assaults.

Combat Engineers and Medics advance to the river's edge at Dornot.

The woods were filled with cries for medics. Realizing that such calls would disclose positions, as well as indicate the number of casualties, orders were issued that no one was to cry out. The exhibition of self-discipline that followed was one of the heartening feats of courage during the hectic days in the bridgehead.

As instructed, the Americans dug in and held their ground. Over the course of the three-day battle, the Germans assaulted the bridgehead thirty-six times, inflicting tremendous losses upon the out-numbered American soldiers. The situation within the bridgehead was dire.

Several times the Germans tried to trick the defenders. The 1st platoon of Company E reported that a German officer would shout in English to "cease firing" while a group of the enemy would form for a local assault during the expected lull in American fire. The trick worked only once, and then only partially. When the order was repeated, it was given with a distinct foreign accent. Opening fire again, the platoon wiped out a group of fifteen to twenty Germans advancing on their position.

As casualties within the bridgehead mounted the Americans stubbornly fought off wave after wave of fanatical grenadiers. Despite the seemingly hopeless situation, the Americans refused to surrender. In fact, the official War Diary of the 37th SS Panzergrenadier Regiment notes that on the morning of September 10, the Americans had the superb effrontery to send a demand that the Germans themselves should surrender! If the demand was not met, the defenders promised to deliver such a concentration of artillery fire as their enemies had never seen before.

Map of the Dornot Bridgehead - September 8-10, 1944 - showing the path
of the American advance and German counterattacks.

As for the engineers attempting to build the bridge over the river to support the beleaguered defenders, accurate enemy artillery, mortar and machine gun fire rendered the task impossible. With no prospect of reinforcments, and considering the success of the Arnaville bridgehead to the south, during the evening of September 10 the battered remnants of the 11th Infantry Regiment were ordered to abandon the Dornot bridgehead and make their way back to the west bank of the river. With few usable assault boats remaining and no bridge, the Americans began an orderly evacuation.

Lieutenant Cullison, although wounded, was one of the only officers still in a condition to command. He helped direct the evacuation of the bridgehead. When his opportunity came to board one of the boats, he offered his seat to one of the wounded men. Tommy then tried to swim the one hundred yards to safety. The current was swift and the Germans were raking the crossing area with machine gun and mortar fire. After entering the water, Lieutenant Thomas J. Cullison was never seen again.

The following excerpt is taken from the book "CROSSING OF THE MOSELLE by the Second Battalion of the 11th Infantry Plus K Company":

"Riflemen in E Company voluntarily gave up their foxholes to machine gunners who came to reinforce them, and dug new ones for themselves. Officer leadership was not lacking. So many officers were wounded and killed because they would not stay in foxholes but had to be up and moving around, checking on positions. In addition to Lt. Drake, Lt. Matthew Wirtz of F Company, Lt. Stephen Lowry Co. K, and Lt. John Hillyard, executive officer of K Company, were killed.

"All the other rifle company officers were wounded. Men of E and F Companies reported that their platoon leaders apologized to their company commanders and first sergeant for being wounded.

"The men appreciated such things in leadership as occurred when the 536 radio operator of 1st Lt. Thomas J. Cullison, E Company, was fatally wounded by close sniper fire. Instead of ordering one of his men to recover the radio, Cullison said, 'Goddamit, now I've got to crawl out and get that radio back.'"

"He did that safely, keeping in communication and maintaining control from company to platoon. He was reported drowned during evacuation."

The terrain east of the Moselle River (bottom). The 11th Infantry made their
three-day stand in the wooded patch near the river's edge.

Lieutenant Thomas J. Cullison, of Birtley Avenue in Brookline, was posthumously awarded the Silver Star medal for gallantry in action against the enemy. The Silver Star Citation reads:

"First Lieutenant THOMAS J. CULLISON, 0318765, 11th Infantry Regiment, United States Army. For gallantry in action from 8 to 10 September 1944 near DORNOT, France. Lieutenant CULLISON was a platoon leader with a forward element of our bridgehead forces that successfully repulsed numerous counterattacks upon their position. When it became vitally necessary for Lieutenant CULLISON to withdraw his platoon across the Moselle River for the purpose of reorganization due to numerical superiority of the enemy forces he labored uncessingly with untiring energy to effectuate and organize an orderly evacuation of his forces. Lieutenant CULLISON then directed the evacuation of our personnel to the west bank of the Moselle River with the use of assault boats. Lieutenant CULLISON himself completely fatigued by his efforts and the strenuous ordeal elected to swim across the river in order that more enlisted men could make use of the available assault boats and thereby enable them to cross to the friendly banks of the Moselle River. Lieutenant CULLISON by his courageous act and every thought and deep concern for his men failed to negotiate the opposite bank of the river. Lieutenant CULLISON's intrepid leadership, his bravery and deep devotion to duty, his gallant conduct reflects the greatest of credit on himself and is in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service. Entered military service from Pennsylvania."

        
A sign (left) at the entrance to the woods where the 2d BN/11th INF fought to hold the Dornot
bridgehead, and a monument dedicated to the soldiers of the 5th Division. The monument
reads "In memoriam to the courageous soldiers of the 5th Infantry Division who crossed
painfully the Moselle river at this site in September 1944, for our liberty.

In the Battle for the Dornot Bridgehead, the 2nd Battalion of the 11th Infantry Regiment suffered a total of 459 casualties (40 KIA, 28 MIA, 172 WIA and 219 Non-Battle), almost 50% of its force. The high proportion of non-battle casualties attests to the physical and mental pressures endured by the men, and the unceasing severity of the three-day struggle.

<Detailed Account of the Battle for the Dornot Bridgehead>
"U.S. Army In World War II Special Studies - Three Battles: Arnaville, Altuzzo and Schmidt"

Despite the setback at Dornot, the second crossing of the Moselle, by the 10th Regiment, further south at Arnaville, proved successful. A large measure of the success of the Arnaville operation is due to the struggles and sacrifices of the men who held the Dornot Bridgehead.

With 1st Lieutenant Cullison listed as MIA, the soldiers of Rifle Company E continued to press on towards the inevitable triumph. Once the division had crossed the Moselle River in force, the 2nd Battalion began operations against the German fortress positions near Metz.

After a long and bloody battle, the city of Metz finally fell on November 22. Wasting no time, the division continued on to cross the German border and capture the town of Lauterbach on December 4, then occupied positions and dug in along the west bank of the Saar River on December 6.

During the Battle of the Bulge, the division fought against the southern flank of the German front. In February and March, the division smashed through the Siegfried Line and crossed the Rhine River on March 22. In April the Red Diamonds took part in clearing the Ruhr Pocket, then drove across the Czechoslovak border on May 1.

They reached Volary and Vimperk as the war in Europe ended. After the German surrender, the 5th Division was on occupation duty in Bavaria from May 15 to June 13, then returned to the United States in July 1945.

For several years after he went missing, the whereabouts of Lieutenant Thomas J. Cullison remained a mystery. His body was never recovered and he was officially listed as Missing In Action for five years. Finally, on December 12, 1949, Tommy's status was changed to FOD (finding of death) and he was posthumously awarded the Purple Heart for the wounds he suffered in the Battle for the Dornot Bridgehead.

Although his body was never found, Tommy's memory is honored at the Lorraine American Cemetery and Memorial in Saint-Avold, Moselle, France. On each side of the memorial, which stands on a plateau to the west of the burial area, stretch the Tablets of the Missing. Upon them are inscribed 444 names, including:

THOMAS J. CULLISON
LT - 11 INF - 5 DIV - PENNSYLVANIA

The Lorraine American Cemetery and Memorial located outside of Saint-Avold, Moselle, France.

  
The Tablets of the Missing stretch out from both sides of the Lorraine Memorial.

Cullison's memory is honored in the same cemetery as another young man from Brookline, 2nd Lt. Edward G. Brickley, is buried. Back home in Brookline, Cullison and Brickley's homes were located fairly close together in the West Liberty section.

As for Tommy Cullison's fraternity dog, Tau, he continued to roam the Brookline streets in search of his companion. Friends and neighbors, including the children who so fondly remembered Tommy, cared for and looked after him as if he were there own. As a result, Tau became the most beloved "Gold Star" dog in the community of Brookline.

   
Tommy Cullison's dog Tau with Walt Selvig at right in 1945.

Note: The Academy Award winning film "Patton" opens with an accurate rendition of General George S. Patton giving a rousing and memorable speech to members of his Third Army before entering the battlefields of France in August 1944. Lieutenant Thomas J. Cullison was in attendance at that gathering.

In December 1944, after the fall of Metz, the 5th Infantry Division published a booklet that was presented to all members of the formation. The book gives a detailed look at the wartime record of one of the U.S. Army's most decorated divisions, and provides an accurate account of the struggles and achievements of the 2nd Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment of Platoon Leader 1st Lieutenant Thomas J. Cullison.

To view the entire booklet, visit The 5th Division In France.

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A Long-Overdue Recognition

In April of 2013, the Brookline Connection began an initiative to seek Thomas J. Cullison's nomination for induction into the Hall of Valor at the Soldiers and Sailors National Military Museum and Memorial, located in Oakland. By virtue of his Silver Star citation, Tommy qualified for admittance to this prestigious community of wartime veterans. After contacting the Cullison family, Tommy's military credentials were prepared and presented to the nomination committee for review.

  
The awards ceremony at Soldiers and Sailors Memorial (left) and, to the right, Chuck Cullison
and Clint Burton with the plaque that will hang in the Hall of Valor.

On March 23, 2014, Lt. Thomas J. Cullison of Brookline was formally inducted into the Hall of Valor. It was a wonderful day for the Cullison family and everyone who was blessed to have known Tommy. It was also a great day for the Brookline community. One of our native sons, a courageous young man who made the ultimate sacrifice so that others might return home to their loved ones, has finally received the recognition he so rightfully deserved.

The Cullison's, who came from as far away as Charlotte NC and New Orleans LA, after the award ceremony.

 
Copies of Lt. Thomas J. Cullison's Bronze and Silver Star Citations.

Medals awarded to Lt. Thomas James Cullison include: (top row) Bronze Star (W/Oak Leaf Cluster), Purple Heart and Silver Star. (middle row) Expert Infantryman Badge, Sharpshooter Badge (w/Carbine Clasp), and Combat Infantryman Badge. (bottom row) European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (w/stars for Normandy and Northern France campaigns), WWII Victory Medal and American Defense Medal.

Of special interest are the Expert Infantryman Badge, awarded for completion of advanced training in infantry tactics, and the Oak Leaf Cluster on Tommy's Bronze Star, which indicates that a second Bronze Star was awarded. Since his military records were destroyed in a fire at the National Military Records Center, we are unable to identify the circumstances for which that additional Bronze Star citation was issued. It is, however, further proof of what a remarkable soldier Lt. Cullison was in the service of our country.

* Thanks to Bill Selvig, Jim Addis, Don Sayenga and the Cullison family for contributing this information, *
Special thanks also to Mr. Barclay of the American Battlefield Monuments Commission
for the photo of Tommy's name on the Lorraine Cemetery Tablets of the Missing.
Written by Clint Burton - May 29, 2011 (Edited in March 2014)

A soldier of the Old Guard stands watch over the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

The Brookline War Memorial

Listed below are many of the sons of Brookline who gave their
lives to preserve freedom and contain aggression during
World War I, World War II, Korea and Vietnam.

“It is foolish and wrong to mourn the men who died.
Rather, we should thank God that such men lived.”
General George S. Patton
 

World War I (1917-1919)

The World War I Memorial - Washington D.C.

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World War II (1941-1945)

The World War II Memorial - Washington D.C.

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Korean War (1950-1953)

Korean War Memorial - Washington D.C.

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Vietnam War (1965-1973)

Vietnam War Memorial - Washington D.C.

The Brookline Monument - The Cannon

<Brookline War Memorial> <> <Brookline History>