The Penn (17th Street) Incline descends over Bigelow Boulevard from the Hill District to the Strip District. This
massive steel structure was the longest, and strongest, of twenty-four inclines built in Pittsburgh.

Pittsburgh's hills were once dotted with inclines, made of steel, wood, train rails, cables and vehicles that scaled the hills surrounding the city. Called gravity planes, or funiculars, the cars were pulled up, and lowered, using a system of cables and pulleys, powered by large steam engines located in the upper station.

The inclines were a convenient way to get from Mount Washington to Carson Street, Knoxville to the South Side, the Hill District to the Strip, and other hilly areas around town. These classic funiculars are forever linked to the history of Pittsburgh.

 
The Duquesne Incline offers a picturesque view of the Golden Triangle (left) while the Pittsburgh Inclined Plane,
better known as the Knoxville Incline, winds it's way down to the South Side.

The earliest inclines built were used exclusively for moving coal from mining operations along Coal Hill to the factories below. Later, they became a popular alternative for transporting passengers, wagons and freight. Pittsburgh had some of the longest and steepest inclines in the world. Today, only the historic Monongahela and Duquesne inclines are still in existence.

The Monongahela Passenger Incline, built in 1870 and still in use today, is the steepest funicular in the world.
The adjacent Monongahela Freight Incline was in operation for fifty-one years, from 1884 to 1935.

Altogether, there were a total of twenty-four inclines built on the hillsides of Pittsburgh, ten of which were built by the Monongahela Inclined Plane Company. The hilltop neighborhood of Allentown alone had eight nearby inclines in service at one time: the Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane, Mount Oliver, Monongahela, Monongahela Freight, Castle Shannon, Castle Shannon South, Knoxville and Keeling Coal Inclines.

During the first half of the 20th century some local inclines averaged over 2000 riders a day. As time progressed and transit opportunities increased, their popularity declined. By the mid-1960s, the coal planes had long been dismantled, and financial hardships forced closure of all but two of the passenger and freight inclines.

The lower station of the Castle Shannon Incline on Carson Street in 1921.

Note: As for the eight that once operated near Allentown: The Keeling Coal closed in 1928,
Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane in 1912, Castle Shannon South in 1914, Monongahela
Freight in 1935, Mount Oliver in 1951, Knoxville in 1960 and Castle Shannon in 1964.

Pittsburgh Incline History Last Updated: April 9, 2024

History of Pittsburgh's Twenty-Four Inclines

* Click highlighted links for a history and images of the individual inclines *

♦ Ormsby Mine Gravity Plane * (1844-1878) - route location near the St. Clair Incline - St. Patrick Street to South 21nd Street and Quarry Street - connected to narrow gauge railway - Ormsby (Southside).

♦ Kirk Lewis Coal Incline/Hoist (1854-1870) - Grandview Avenue (formerly High Street) near the present Duquesne Incline - Duquesne Heights (Mount Washington). Coal went directly from mine opening to factories below via railroad.

♦ The Cray and Company Coal Incline (late-1800s) - upper station near Junius Street and Camden Street (formerly Catherine Street and Hill Street - Westwood; lower station at Shaler Street - West End Valley (Union Borough).

♦ Clinton Iron Works Coal Incline (late-1800s) - located on the hillside below Maple Terrace to West Carson Street (formerly Washington Turnpike) near the present Station Square - Mount Washington.

♦ Jones and Laughlin Coal Incline (late-1800s) - Josephine Street between South 29th Street and South 30th Street to Summer Street - Southside Slopes.

♦ Keeling Coal Incline * (1870-1928) - route similar to lower end of Mount Oliver and Knoxville inclines, along Southside slope - from narrow guage railroad exiting Keeling Coal Company mines to station at South 12th Street - Southside Slopes.

♦ Monongahela Incline (1870-present) - West Carson Street at Smithfield Street Bridge to eastern end of Grandview Avenue at Wyoming Street - Mount Washington.

♦ Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane (1864-1912) - (known as the Mount Washington Coal Incline from 1864-1874) route similar to Castle Shannon Incline from Neff Street (formerly Nimick Street) below Bailey Avenue and William Street to East Carson Street at Arlington Avenue (formerly Pittsburgh and Brownsville Turnpike) - Mount Washington.

♦ Mount Oliver Incline (1872-1951) - officially known as the South Twelfth Street Inclined Plane - South 12th Street at Freyburg Street to Warrington Avenue - Mount Oliver

♦ Fort Pitt (1882-1906) - from north end of South Tenth Street Bridge to Bluff Street - Duquesne University Bluff.

♦ Monongahela Freight (1884-1935) - parallel to the east side of the Monongahela passenger plane - Mount Washington.

♦ Duquesne Incline (1877-present) - West Carson Street opposite the Point to Western End of Grandview Avenue (formerly High Street) between Oneida Street and Cohassett Street - Duquesne Heights (Mount Washington).

Full Moon Over The Duquesne Incline
September 21, 2020 - Dave DiCello Photo

* Dates for the Keeling Coal Company and Kund/Eiben inclines are approximate and based on available maps and data.

Wikipedia: List of Pittsburgh Inclines.

Bridges and Tunnels of Allegheny County and City of Pittsburgh: Incline List.

A stereoscope image of the Monongahela Freight and Passenger Inclines in 1905.

Images And Maps Showing Pittsburgh's Inclines

Click on images for larger pictures

The Knoxville Incline
(1890-1960)

 
The Pittsburgh Incline Plane, or Knoxville Incline, was 2460 feet long and rose 375 feet with an 18 degree curve midway.
It was one of two curved inclines built in Pittsburgh, running for seven decades, from August 1890 to December 1960.
The upper loading platform (left), was located on Warrington Avenue. A car (right) leaves the upper station.

 
The Knoxville Incline's cars moving along both sides of the tracks, with the Mount Oliver Incline in the distance. The
Keeling Coal Incline is also visible in the photo on the left, wedged in between the Knoxville and Mount Oliver planes.

A vintage color postcard image showing the Knoxville Incline. It had a total length of a 1/2 mile and a 375-foot vertical
rise at a 14% grade. The incline was a double-track railway of nine-foot gauge, with sixty pound rails laid on wooden
ties which rested on ballast or steel girders. Each car weighed about ten tons and was specially designed to
carry street cars and other vehicles. An enclosed, heated compartment was provided for passengers.
When it opened, the cost of the Knoxville Incline was $190,000 and the fare a mere penny.

 
The Knoxville Incline looking up from the lower station (left), with the Mount Oliver and Keeling Coal Inclines to the left.
A car moves along the curve (right), with the Mount Oliver Incline in the distance.

 
The Knoxville Incline descends to its lower station at South 11th and Bradish Street in the Southside.

 
The tracks of the Knoxville Incline (left) and the upper loading platform.

The Knoxville Incline in December 1896. Note the Keeling Coal and Mount Oliver Inclines to the right.

 
Looking up and down at the cars of the Knoxville Incline.

 
The Knoxville Incline in 1956. Photos by W. Eugene Smith.

Wikipedia: Knoxville Incline.

The Mount Oliver Incline
(1872-1951)

The Mount Oliver Incline (circa 1890-1910).

 
The Mount Oliver Incline descends from Warrington Avenue towards the Freyburg Street station (left) and a view
from the side. Built in 1872 by engineer John Endres, the incline was in operation for seventy-nine years,
closing on July 6, 1951. The Mount Oliver Incline was 1600 feet long and rose 377 feet.
The construction cost of the Mount Oliver Incline was $150,000.

 
The Mount Oliver and Knoxville Incline cars pass on their way from the hilltop neighborhoods to the flats (left), and the
lower station of the Mount Oliver Incline (right) at Freyburg Street on the Southside, between 11th and 12th Streets.
Once boasting 1200-1400 daily passengers paying the three cent fare, by 1950 ridership had decreased 200 per day.

The Mount Oliver Incline, looking down from the upper station along Warrington Avenue.

Wikipedia: Mount Oliver Incline.

The Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane
(1864-1912)

An illustration entitled "On Carson Street, South Pittsburgh, 1875" that appeared in "Fleming's Views of Old Pittsburgh."
It shows the Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane a couple years after the P&CS railroad took over the line and began
passenger service. On Carson Street was a coal distribution platform and a loading station/office building. This
drawing shows the northern portal of the old railroad coal tunnel and the upper coal depot/passenger station.

Map from 1882 showing the P&CSRR railroad depot on the north face of Mount Washington and the
old coal incline, now used to ferry passengers also from the depot down to Carson Street.

The Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane, shown here in 1888, was a low guage inclined plane used to transport coal mined
in the South Hills to industries located along the Monongahela riverfront. The Coal Railroad traveled through the
Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Tunnel to platform along the north face of Mount Washington. The Pittsburgh
and Castle Shannon Plane was in operation from 1864 to 1912. Two years after this photo was taken, in
1890, the Castle Shannon Incline was constructed to the left of the coal incline to haul passengers,
wagons and freight. Until then, this traffic was lowered to Carson Street along the P&CS Plane.

Wikipedia: Pittsburgh & Castle Shannon Plane/Mount Washington Coal Incline.

The Castle Shannon Incline
(1890-1964)

The Castle Shannon Incline and the Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane along Mount Washington in 1900.

 
The Castle Shannon Incline measured 1,350 feet in length. Originally steam powered, the incline was electrified in 1918.
It was built to handle the passengers of the Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Railroad, which had a terminus nearby.
Later, after being acquired by the Pittsburgh Railways Company, the incline was a popular way for hilltop
residents to get to and from town. As the years went by, ridership decreased and the incline
became a perennial money pit. Efforts to close the incline began in the 1950s, as
yearly losses neared $50,000. Community efforts saved the historic structure
for a few years, but in 1964, the incline was closed and dismantled.

 
The tracks of the Castle Shannon Incline pass under the McCardle Street Bridge, under construction in 1926 (left)
and a car stands at the Carson Street loading station that same year.

The Castle Shannon Incline's upper boarding station is visible in this August 1928 photo taken from The Bluff.
The Mount Washington Roadway (McArdle Roadway) had opened to traffic only one month before.
The incline passed down the valley beneath the concrete arch bridge.

 
The Castle Shannon Incline was the final part of trip for passengers of the
Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Railroad traveling north to the city from
1890 to 1912. The incline itself remained in operation until 1964.

 
The Castle Shannon Incline looking down towards the McArdle Roadway Bridge and railroad trestle (left)
and looking up towards the Bailey Street Station (right) at the top of the plane.

A postcard image (circa 1940) showing the Castle Shannon Incline descending Mount Washington.

 
The Castle Shannon Incline descends Mount Washington with the City of Pittsburgh and the Civic Arena
in the distance (left) and the Bailey Street Station at the top of the incline.

 
The Castle Shannon Incline was a popular transit route from atop Mount Washington for seventy-rour years.

The Castle Shannon Incline, from top to bottom, passing under the McCardle Roadway bridge, in March 1936.
Along the side of Mount Washington is Pittsburgh's historic Coca-Cola clock.

 
Looking in both directions along the rails of the Castle Shannon Incline.

 
The incline cars at the entrance to the Bailey Street Station atop Mount Washington.

 
Vintage Pittsburgh postcards showing the Castle Shannon Incline.

A postcard image circa-1912 showing the Castle Shannon Incline (left) and the Pittsburgh and Castle
Shannon Plane (right), which was used to transport coal brought from South Hills mines by the old
Coal Railroad, and later the Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Railroad, from 1864 until 1912.

Wikipedia: Castle Shannon Incline.

Castle Shannon South
(1892-1914)

The Castle Shannon South descends along Haberman Street in this undated photo. The incline ran from Bailey down
to Warrington Avenue, and was in operation from 1892 to 1914. Owned by the Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon
Railroad, it transported passengers from Warrington to Bailey. Riders then transfered to the Castle
Shannon Incline for the trip down the north face of Mount Washington to Carson Street.

 
Looking from Warrington Avenue up Haberman Avenue along the route of the Castle Shannon South Incline (left)
and the P&CSRR Warrington Station and Horseshoe Curve on the lower end of the incline.

 
Looking up from near the lower Warrington station (left) and looking down from near the top of the rise.

 
Cables along the tracks near the top of the line (left) and a view towards the Bailey Street upper station.

This is a view of Haberman Avenue in 1925, heading from the Warrington Loop up the hill towards Bailey Street.
The Castle Shannon South Incline, which operated from 1892 to 1914, ran parallel to Haberman on the left.
Also visible to the far left are the old railroad tracks and station at the P&CSRR Horseshoe Curve.
On the hill above to the left is the newly completed second wing of South Hills High School.

Wikipedia: Castle Shannon South Incline.

The Penn Incline
(1884-1953)

The Penn Incline ferried passengers and freight between the Strip District to Ridgeway Street in the Hill District. It was
arguably the longest inclined plane in the world. Built in 1884, it operated until 1953. The large structure to the left of
the upper platform was a saloon and entertainment hall called the Penn Incline Resort, which stood for eight years.
This resort was built by the Penn Inclined Plane Company to boost business. It enjoyed early popularity, but soon
went into decline. The building was destroyed in 1892 by a fire that spread from the incline's boiler house.
Note the rickety steps hugging the steep hillside to the left, an alternate path for those short a fare.

 
A view of the Penn Incline in operation, looking down on Pittsburgh's Strip District. Designed by Samuel Deischer, the
funicular measured 840 feet in length and rose 330 feet. The structure contained over 750 tons of bridge work with
two ten-foot gauge tracks. The incline was originally built to hoist twenty-ton loads of coal to the top of the hill.
Although this coal traffic never met expectations passenger and freight traffic took its place and was enough
to keep the incline profitable. By the end of World War II business had decreased to only fifty customers
a day paying the ten cent fare. With operations cut to only a few hours a day during rush hour, the
incline was abandoned by its final owner, the Pittsburgh Railways Company, on November 30, 1953.

The Penn Incline descends over Bigelow Boulevard from from the Hill District to the Strip District in 1908.

 
The Penn Incline from Ridgeway Avenue to Spring Way, shown in 1932 (left) and 1953.

A Penn Incline car approaching the loading platform at Spring Way in 1951.

Two massive cars of the Penn Incline counterbalancing each other as they make their way along the steel rails.

 
The lower station of the Penn Incline (left), shown in 1937, was located on Liberty Avenue. In the photo
on the right, taken in 1951, the incline descends over the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks.

The Penn Incline passes over Liberty Avenue in 1936.

 
The Penn Incline passes over Liberty Avenue in 1937 (left) and 1951.

The Penn Incline on January 13, 1956 during the early stages of deconstruction. It has been dismantled
from the upper platform at Ridgeway Avenue down to Bigelow Boulevard.

The Penn Incline being dismantled in 1956. The incline cost $72,000 to build in 1883. It may have been
the longest ever built, but it was definitely the largest and strongest by scale ever in the world.

The Monongahela Freight and Passenger Inclines
(1884-1935)     (1870-present)

The Monongahela Incline in operation during the 1880s before the first major renovation.

The Monongahela Freight and Passenger Incline in 1890.

The Monongahela Freight and Passenger Inclines in operation in 1905. The freight incline is no longer in service.

 
A Kaufmann's delivery truck and another vehicle stand ready to roll on the upper loading platform
of the Monongahela Freight Incline (left), then descending towards Carson Street, in 1917.

 
The Monongahela Freight and Passenger Incline in 1926 (left) and the Passenger Incline in 2007.

 
Crews working on the foundation of the Monongahela Incline in 1926 (left) and a view of the incline in 1932.

The Monongahela Incline in 1972.

 
A ride on the Monongahela Incline offers a wonderful view of the city and the Monongahela River.

 
A view from the lower station looking up (left) and the Monongahela Incline comes down over McArdle Roadway.

The Monongahela Incline's thirty-eight percent grade is the steepest in the world.

 
The passenger cars were built specifically for the Monongahela Incline.

 
The upper station along Grandview Avenue (left) and the lower station along Carson Street.

The P&LERR Terminal Building and the Monongahela Incline.

 
The sign at the entrace to the lower station and the Monongahela Incline at night.

 
The Monongahela Incline is one of Pittsburgh's main tourist stops.

The Monongahela Passenger and Freight Incline scaling the Mount Washington slope in 1908.

See More on the Monongahela Incline

Wikipedia: Monongahela Incline.

The Duquesne Incline
(1877-present)

The Duquesne Incline, built in 1877 and shown here in 1908, has been transporting passengers for over 135 years.

 
The Duquesne Incline celebrates Pittsburgh Steeler Deee-Fense (left); A view of the entire incline from top to bottom.

 
The brilliant colors of the Duquesne Incline stand out with a light dusting of snow.

The Duquesne Incline in 1926.

 
The decorative inside of the Incline car (left) and a view of the incline rising towards Duquesne Heights.

 
The lower station along Carson Street from ground level and from above.

The fully-restored Duquesne Incline rises along the slopes of Mount Washington.

 
The Duquesne Incline, like the Monongahela Incline, is one of Pittsburgh's #1 tourist destinations.

 
Looking up from the lower station (left) and a view down towards Carson Street.

The Duquesne Incline provides a stunning view of the Golden Triangle in this early evening photo from January 2013.

See More on the Duquesne Incline

Wikipedia: Duquesne Incline.

The Keeling Coal Incline
(1870-1928)

Looking up Birmingham (Brosville) Street towards the upper platform of the Knoxville Incline, the tracks of which can be
seen to the right. Just to the left of center is a building of the Keeling Coal Company, near the mine shaft entrance.
The tracks leading to the left carried coal directly to the upper loading platform of the Keeling Coal Incline.

 
The Keeling Coal Incline was built around 1870, linking mines along the Southside Slopes with the railroads on the flats.
The incline was located between the Mount Oliver and Knoxville Inclines. The plane was closed around 1928. Coal
was transported straight from a mine shaft to the upper loading platform. The cable cars then descended
along tracks that went under Birmingham (Brosville) Street and on to an elevated platform, where
the coal was dumped into rail cars of the Pittsburgh, Virginia and Charleston Railway.
These two photos were taken around the turn of the 20th century.

Another turn of the century look at the Mount Oliver and Keeling Coal Inclines, shown from the base of the Knoxville Incline.

1923 Hopkins Map showing the Knoxville, Keeling Coal and Mount Oliver Inclines along the South Side Slopes.

Wikipedia: Keeling Coal Company.

Bellevue and Davis Island Incline
(1887-1893)

1886 Map showing the path of the Bellevue and Davis Island Inclined Plane.

Bellevue Borough, located along the Ohio River just west of Allegheny City, was incorporated in 1867. As the borough grew, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, which ran along the banks of the Ohio, provided commuter service to Pittsburgh and Allegheny City. The train had local stops at Bellevue and Neville Stations, both located along the riverfront at the bottom of a steep bluff.

The Bellevue and Davis Island Inclined Plane Company was chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on September 4, 1882. The charter granted the company the privilege of building an incline anywhere along Bellevue's entire boundary with the Ohio River, the purpose of which would be to bring passengers up the bluff and transport them to the center of the borough.

The Street Railways Journal announced the September 1887 opening of the new transit system in their October issue. Despite the name, the system now in place was not a traditional inclined plane, or funicular, as the title implies. It was actually the combination of an outdoor elevator and a short electric street railroad that ran along the borough's western boundary, rising gradually in elevation as it proceeded along the half-mile track.

The incline's lift was built near the Bellevue Station in the vicinity of the now abandoned Davis Island Dam. Passengers would walk a short distance from the train loading platform to a steel outdoor elevator which would carry them about eighty-five feet up to the top of the bluff.

From there, the electric street railroad took them along a twisting uphill ride along the eastern edge of Dilworth Ravine. The car then traveled along a straight stretch of Sherman Avenue (currently South Jackson) Avenue to a passenger station at Lincoln Avenue.

The inclined plane company also leased twenty acres of land at the top of the bluff overlooking the Bellevue Station on which it planned to build Windsor Park. The summer picnic and recreation resort would be lighted in the evening with twenty electric lights supplied by the rail car system. It would also feature a zoological garden. Attempts to exhibit a few wild deer failed when the animals escaped.

The two cars of the street railroad were powered by electricity supplied by a third rail located between the main rails, known as the Fisher System. Manufactured by the Detroit Electrical Works, this electric railway portion of the inclined plane was the first of its kind in Western Pennsylvania. The cars were powered by a 100 horse-power engine supplied by the Westinghouse Machine Company.

The electric motors were mounted on the front platform of the car, uncovered. A motorman sat on a small stool in front of this motor. When an unusual load was put on the motor, huge streams of sparks and flames leaped from the brushes along the third rail and the startled motorman would leap back into the aisle of the car.

The cars ran relatively smoothly except for along the sharper curves with a heavy load, when the motor could not provide enough power and the wheels occasionally got stuck along the rails. The commuters called it the "G.O.P." system because when the cars got stuck along curves, all of the men "got out and pushed" the car around the curve.

At first the inclined electric railway was a greeted with much fanfare. Development in the area was stimulated and property values saw a modest increase. The jubilant response soon turned sour as mismanagement of the line led to a rapid decline in ridership.

Aerial image of Bellevue showing former path of the Bellevue and Davis Island Inclined Plane.

The Bellevue and Davis Island Inclined Plane was in operation for less than two years, closing in March 1889. The company assets were sold for $25,000 at sheriff's sale a month later. The new management firm planned to reopen the system on April 1, 1890, but by that time public sentiment had turned against the road.

The Pittsburgh Dispatch, on March 20, reported plans to boycott the road. "Is is reported that the Bellevue and Davis Island Dam Railroad will be boycotted when it starts on April 1. The former patrons of the road, who have been compelled to walk ever since it shut down at the beginning of the winter season, intimate that then can do so during the summer also."

While the owners attempted to prop up their Windsor Park investment, the elevator was put back in service. The electric railroad, however, remained idle. The Pittsburgh Disptach reported that the entire line was put back in operation on April 7, 1891, but it was shut down again after a brief run, again due to low patronage. Local transportation improvements doomed the incline and the system was dismantled in late-1893.

Following the erection of the Jacks Run Bridge and the curving extension of California Avenue that joins the bridge to Lincoln Avenue, the Pleasant Valley Street Railroad Company began passenger service between Bellevue and Pittsburgh on March 02, 1893. This street railroad provided service to the center of Bellevue and significantly reduced the number of local passengers using the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, eliminating the need for the Bellevue and Davis Island elevator and electric railroad.

 
Remnants of the Bellevue and Davis Island Incline's eighty-five foot elevator that carried
passengers from the railroad station uphill to the electric railway system.

Remnants of the Bellevue Incline are still visible. The rail bed can be seen along the eastern slope of Dilworth Ravine. It is clearly visible with the exception of a few spots where it was eliminated by more recent development.

The stone walls at the top and bottom of the elevator are also still clearly visible on the east side of Dilworth Ravine slightly north of where the Bellevue Station once stood. The wall at the top of the elevator remains intact, and the bottom is mostly in place except for some minor landslide damage at the south end.

* Thanks to Dan McCarthy for his research on the Bellevue and Davis Island Incline *

The Norwood Incline
(1901-1923)

 
The Norwood Incline, shown here in 1908, was located in McKees Rocks. It operated from 1901 to 1923, and was
referred to as "The Penny Incline," charging passengers one cent to get from Island Avenue
to Norwood Place. The incline ran on only three rails.

Wikipedia: Norwood Incline.

The Fort Pitt Incline
(1882-1906)

The Fort Pitt Incline rises from near the north end of the South Tenth Street Bridge to Bluff Street in 1905.

The Fort Pitt incline rose from Second Avenue at the Tenth Street Bridge to Bluff Street. Built by Samuel Diescher in 1882, it rested on solid ground from top to bottom with a total length was 375 feet and a vertical rise of 135 feet.

The track gauge was ten feet and the rails laid on cross ties with rock ballast, like a surface road. The cars were built of iron and could lift up to fifteen tons. The incline was operated using two hoisting ropes, one and one-half inches in diameter and one safety rope of the same size. The cost of construction was $98,000.

Map from 1890 showing the Fort Pitt Incline.

Wikipedia: Fort Pitt Incline.

The Clifton Incline
(1895-1905)

From the Allegheny City Historic Gallery:
"The Clifton Incline ... Finally A Look!"

 
Looking down the Clifton Incline in 1902 (left). The Clifton extended from Clifton Park in Perry Hilltop to Charles Street
at Sara (Strauss) Street; The two-car system carried passengers in one car and stones in the other car for balance.

Map from 1901 showing the Clifton Incline, rising from Myrtle Street to Clifton Park on Perry Hilltop.

Wikipedia: Clifton Incline.

The Nunnery Hill Incline
(1887-1899)

The Nunnery Hill Incline was the first incline in Pittsburgh with a curved track, followed later by the Knoxville Incline.

A 1887 photo of the Nunnery Hill Incline showing designer Samuel Diescher standing near the top.

Ascending Nunnery Hill from Federal Street on the line of the Pleasant Valley railway, the incline was built in 1887 by Samuel Diescher. It was used for passengers only, with a total length of 1,100 feet and a rise of about 300 feet. The grade of the wooden trestle incline ranged from sixteen to twenty-six percent, and there was a seventy degree curve in the path of the plane. The cars held twenty-four passengers. A single fare on was five cents, and tickets are were in packages of seventy-five for $1.50. The cost of the incline was $90,000.

Map from 1890 showing the Nunnery Hill Incline in Fineview, the first Pittsburgh Incline with a curved track.

Wikipedia: Nunnery Hill Incline.

The Troy Hill Incline
(1887-1898)

Map from 1890 showing the Troy Hill Incline near the 30th Street Bridge.

The Mount Troy Incline, which starts at the Allegheny end of the Thirtieth Street bridge and climbs Troy Hill, was built in 1887 by Samuel Diescher. The total length was 370 feet and the grade forty-seven percent. The tracks were partly laid on the ground and partly on wooden trestles. The incline handled both freight and passengers with a fifteen ton capacity. The cost of the incline was $94,000.

The location of the Troy Hill Incline is shown here in this 1920 photo taken from the 30th Street Bridge. Available maps
indicate that the structure may have always been an open air incline, both top and bottom, with only small toll booths.
The Island Hotel was built at the same time as the incline, in 1887. The upper building shown in this 1920 photo
is a theatre purported to be the original upper loading platform. The location is correct, but
the building first appeared on maps years after the incline was abandoned in 1898.

Wikipedia: Troy Hill Incline.

The Jones And Laughlin Coal Incline
(late-1800s)

Map from 1872 showing the Jones and Laughlin Coal Incline along the South Side Slopes between
29th and 30th Streets. Coal was transported directly to the riverfront mills.

This 1876 illustration shows the American Iron Works (J&L) along the South Side Flats at 31st Street,
and the Jones and Laughlin Incline on the hillside delivering coal directly to the factories below.

The Ridgewood Incline
(1889-1900)

From the Allegheny City Historic Gallery:
"Uncovering A Lost Incline - The Ridgewood"

Map from 1890 showing the Ridgewood Incline. The Perry Hilltop incline
burned down after only one year of service.

The Ormsby Gravity Plane
(1844-1878)

Map from 1872 showing the Keeling Coal Company's Ormsby Gravity Plane.

 
The Ormsby Gravity Plane was located along the Southside Slopes, connecting to a narrow-gauge railroad (left) that
ran along 21st Street to the Jones and Lauglin Steel Mills. The coal incline ran from the mid-1800s to 1878.

Wikipedia: Keeling Coal Company.

The St. Clair Incline
(1886-1935)

The St. Clair Incline is shown here in a photo taken by Philip Reinhart on his way to work
at the J&L Mills, and submitted by Philip's great grandson Mike Callahan.

The St. Clair Incline rested on solid ground, rising from Josephine Street on the South Side to the summit of the bluff at St. Clair Village. built in 1886 by J. H. McRoberts, it was 2,060 feet in length with a rise of 361 feet.

Map from 1890 showing the St. Clair Incline. The incline was built in 1889 and transported passengers
and freight from St. Clair Village to a lower stationa at Josephine Street.

This South Side funicular was used for both freight and passengers. The track gauge was seven feet and the rails were forty-five pound steel T, spiked to white oak ties. The lifting capacity was twenty-five tons. The cost of this incline was about $60,000.

A photo of the lower station of the St. Clair Incline after a fatal accident in 1909. Two people were
killed when the car on the left plunged from the top station and crashed into the lower. This is the
only photo that can presently be found of the Saint Clair Incline, which operated until 1935.

Wikipedia: St. Clair Incline.

Clinton Iron Works Coal Incline
(late-1800s)

Map from 1872 showing the Clinton Iron Works Coal Incline, located along Mount Washington, slightly west
of the present-day Wabash Tunnel. It transported coal directly to the Clinton
industries located along the Monongahela riverfront.

Kirk Lewis Coal Incline/Hoist
(1854-1870)

Map from 1872 showing the approximate location of the Kirk Lewis Coal Incline/Hoist. The incline was named
after mining pioneer Abraham Kirkpatrick Lewis. Coal came directly from a mine entrance on the hillside,
was lowered to the railroad below, then moved directly to the numerous glass, steel and iron works
located along the Ohio River flats via the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad.

Cray And Company Coal Incline
(late-1800s)

Map from 1872 showing the Cray and Company Coal Incline on the West End along Saw Mill Run Creek.

The Kund and Eiben Incline
(1915-1929)

 
The concrete foundation of the Kund and Eiben Incline, abandoned in 1929 after operating for fifteen years.

The standard historical truth here in Pittsburgh is that there were twenty-three inclines dotting the hillsides around the city and surrounding area.

We believe we have found the twenty-fourth, a little known company incline in the South Hills that moved cargo along Oak Hill, as did the more notable company coal inclines of the past along Mount Washington. For fifteen years, this lift operated without much notice given to any historical significance.

The Kund and Eiben Incline, built in 1915, was a short incline owned by the Kund and Eiben Manufacturing Company. It was located along Saw Mill Run in Bon Air, just across the tracks from Brookline. Kund and Eiben operated a Wood Planing Mill alongside the creek near Bausman Street. The hoist moved materials to and from the P&WVRR freight cars atop the hill.

The top of the Kund and Eiben Incline stood next to the Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railroad tracks on the hillside high above the creek. Originally the lift was used to move raw and finished wood products and later materials for a concrete fabrication plant along the valley floor. There are no old photos of the incline or any information on the exact operating mechanism.

The Kund and Eiben Incline was dismantled in 1929 after the construction of Saw Mill Run Boulevard. The large concrete foundation has remained abandoned along the hillside. Normally covered in dense foilage, the foundation is quite visible in the winter months. The dates for operation of the incline are estimates and based on the maps and information available.

Map from 1916 showing the position of the Kund and Eiben Incline along Saw Mill Run
in Bon Air. The little-known incline was in operation for nearly fifteen years.